Example tissue: Heart
Level 1: Balled-up sock
Level 5: Heart 3D Printed with cardiac and endothelial cells
| Score | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Crude representative shape - Not recognizable. The material used to simulate the tissue/structure does not match anatomical accuracy, such as shape, color, size, and relationship to other landmarks or structures. |
| 2 | Rudimentary representative shape - Using this material, the tissue/structure is vaguely recognizable. This may include appropriate shape, color, size, or location with respect to nearby structures. |
| 3 | Reasonable visual representation - The tissue/structure is recognizable due to the material being somewhat accurate in shape, color, size, and location with respect to other nearby structures. At this level, the simulated tissue/structure is able to be used for identifying and differentiating anatomy. |
| 4 | Detailed visual representation - The tissue/structure is immediately recognizable due to shape, color, size, and contextual details modeled with the material. The simulated tissue/structure can be used for advanced anatomical identifications. |
| 5 | Exceptional visual quality - The material offers photo-realistic representation and precise anatomical accuracy. Human tissue is the gold standard. |
Example tissue: Blood vessel
Level 1: Copper wire
Level 5: Molded elastomers
| Score | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Poor tactile feedback - The material does not feel like the structure/tissue. For example, the material may not stretch, compress, break, or bend when handled, palpated, or grasped. This level may also indicate a lack of attention to surface properties (stickiness, slipperiness, dryness, accurate temperature, etc.) |
| 2 | Rudimentary tactile feedback - The material vaguely resembles the feeling of the tissue/structure. The simulator’s physical feedback is somewhat realistic when handled (stretching, compressing, breaking, bending, or other surface properties). |
| 3 | Reasonable tactile feedback - The material fairly emulates the feeling of the simulated tissue/structure. The material provides the sensation of the tissue/structure in one or more types of handling (stretching, compressing, breaking, bending, or other surface properties) |
| 4 | Detailed tactile feedback - The material adequately emulates the feeling of the simulated tissue/structure. The material offers the sensation of the tissue/structure through multiple types of handling (stretching, compressing, breaking, bending, or other surface properties). |
| 5 | Exceptional tactile feedback - The material realistically emulates the tissue/structure. The material offers precise and varied feedback and accounts for many handling sensations (stretching, compressing, breaking, bending, or other surface properties). |
Example tissue: Bladder
Level 1: Balloon filled with air
Level 5: Medical glove filled with water